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Ethical dilemmas in nursing arise when nurses face situations where they must make difficult choices between competing ethical principles or conflicting duties. Some common ethical dilemmas in nursing include:

1. Patient Autonomy vs. Beneficence: Nurses must respect a patient’s autonomy (the right to make their own decisions) while also ensuring beneficence (acting in the patient’s best interest). Conflicts can arise when a patient’s decision may lead to harm or suboptimal outcomes.
2. Confidentiality vs. Duty to Warn: Nurses are obligated to maintain patient confidentiality, but this duty can conflict with the need to warn third parties or authorities if a patient poses a danger to themselves or others.
3. Informed Consent: Ensuring that patients fully understand the risks and benefits of treatments can be challenging, especially if they have limited understanding or cognitive impairments.
4. End-of-Life Care: Decisions about life-sustaining treatments, palliative care, and respecting advance directives can create ethical challenges, particularly when patients’ wishes are not clearly documented or when family members disagree.
5. Allocation of Resources: Nurses often face situations where resources such as staff, equipment, or medications are limited. Deciding how to allocate these resources fairly and effectively can be ethically complex.
6. Cultural and Religious Beliefs: Nurses must respect patients’ cultural and religious beliefs, which can sometimes conflict with medical advice or standard practices.
7. Professional Boundaries: Maintaining appropriate professional boundaries with patients while providing compassionate care can be challenging, especially in long-term care settings.
8. Refusal of Treatment: Patients may refuse treatments that nurses believe are necessary for their health. Balancing respect for patient autonomy with professional judgment can create ethical tension.
9. Moral Distress: Nurses may experience moral distress when they feel unable to act according to their ethical beliefs due to institutional policies, legal constraints, or other external factors.
10. Advocacy: Nurses have a duty to advocate for their patients, but this can sometimes conflict with organizational policies, other healthcare providers’ opinions, or resource limitations.

These dilemmas require careful consideration, open communication, and often collaboration with colleagues, ethics committees, and sometimes legal counsel to navigate effectively.